具有负反馈特征的光伏-温差联合发电模型与效率分析

上海交通大学学报（自然版） ›› 2013, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (04): 550-554.

具有负反馈特征的光伏-温差联合发电模型与效率分析

杨晶晶1，刘永生1，房文健1，方津1，彭麟1，杨正龙2，高湉1，谷民安1

（1.上海电力学院太阳能研究所，上海 200090；2.同济大学先进土木工程材料教育部重点实验室，上海 200092）

收稿日期:2012-06-13 出版日期:2013-04-28 发布日期:2013-04-28
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(10804072，11204171)，上海市青年科技启明星计划项目(11QH1401000)，教育部科学技术研究重点项目 (211055)，上海市科委重点项目(12JC1404400，11160500700)，上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(11ZZ168)

Design and Efficiency of Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Power Generator with Negative Feedback Characteristic

YANG Jing-Jing-1, LIU Yong-Sheng-1, FANG Wen-Jian-1, FANG Jin-1, PENG Lin-1, YANG Zheng-Long-2, GAO Tian-1, GU Min-An-1

(1.Institute of Solar Energy, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China;2.Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Received:2012-06-13 Online:2013-04-28 Published:2013-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 太阳能电池输出功率随着温度升高而降低，半导体温差发电模块输出功率随着温差的增大而升高.结合两者输出功率随温度变化的关系，利用烟囱效应巧妙设计了一套具有负反馈作用的光伏温差联合发电系统，并对其进行了效率和环境分析.结果表明:系统处于稳定工况时，温差模块可以提供输出功率4.3 W，光伏电池比自然冷却方式下的输出功率增加6.9%，系统的光电转换效率增加1.42%，效率达到12.06%，在寿命期内比火力发电减排NOx 9.7 kg、CO2 742.9 kg、SO2 9.6 kg;系统可以有效地控制电池板与环境的温差在22 ℃左右，增加电池板的使用寿命，这对可再生能源的应用具有理论指导意义.

关键词: 光伏-温差发电, 烟囱效应, 余热利用, 温差发电模块

Abstract: The output power of solar cell decreases with the increase of temperature, while the output power of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module increases with the increase of temperature difference. Based on their output power vs. temperature relationship mentioned above, an optimal system of photovoltaicthermoelectric power generation was designed by using chimney effect, which possesses a negative feedback characteristic. By analysis, it can be seen that the out power adds 4.3W by using thermoelectric module, and photovoltaic cell power increases 6.9% in the system. This method can raise energy efficiency to 12.06%, which is higher 1.42% than that by natural cooling method. Moreover, the system reduces emissions of NOx 9.7 kg, CO2 742.9 kg, SO2 9.6 kg during the apparatus lifecycle. At the same time, this system maintains temperature difference at 22 ℃ between photovoltaic cells and environment, which increases the solar cells life span.

Key words: photovoltaic-thermoelectric power generator, chimney effect, waste heat utilization, thermoelectric module

中图分类号:

TK 51
TM 91

杨晶晶1, 刘永生1, 房文健1, 方津1, 彭麟1, 杨正龙2, 高湉1, 谷民安1. 具有负反馈特征的光伏-温差联合发电模型与效率分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2013, 47(04): 550-554.

YANG Jing-Jing-1, LIU Yong-Sheng-1, FANG Wen-Jian-1, FANG Jin-1, PENG Lin-1, YANG Zheng-Long-2, GAO Tian-1, GU Min-An-1. Design and Efficiency of Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Power Generator with Negative Feedback Characteristic[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2013, 47(04): 550-554.

参考文献

［1］Tonui J K, Tripanagnostopoulos Y. Performance improvement of PV/T solar collectors with natural air flow operation ［J］. Solar Energy, 2008, 82(1): 112.
［2］Sasitharanuwat A， Rakwichian W，Ketjoy N，et al. Performance evaluation of a 10kWp PV power system prototype for isolated building in Thailand ［J］. Renewable Energy, 2007, 32(8): 12881300 .
［3］Rodriguez D M, Horley P P, Hernández J G, et al. Photovoltaic solar cells performance at elevated temperatures ［J］. Solar Energy, 2005, 78(2): 243250.
［4］Tang R S, Deng S K, Tang X F. Synthesis and high temperature thermoelectric transport properties of Sibased typeI clathrates ［J］. Chin Phys B, 2009, 18(7): 30843089.
［5］Cantato E, Quwerkerk M. Energy scavenging and power management in networks of autonomous microsensors ［J］. Microelectronics Journal, 2006, 37(12): 15841590.
［6］郭常青, 闫常峰, 李文博, 等. 太阳能光伏/温差复合发电系统效率分析［J］. 电源技术, 2012, 36(10): 14741477.
GUO Changqing, YAN Changfeng, LI Wenbo, et al. Efficiency analysis of photovoltaic/thermoelectric solar hybrid system ［J］. Chinese Journal of Power, 2012, 36(10): 14741477.
［7］Hochbaum A I, Yang Peidong. Semiconductor nanowires for energy conversion ［J］. Chem Rev, 2010, 110(1): 527546.
［8］Lampinen M J. Thermodynamic analysis of thermoelectric generator ［J］. Appllied Physics, 1991, 69(8): 43184324.
［9］Angrist S W. Direct energy conversion［M］. 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1976.
［10］William K, Michael C, Bernhard W. Convective heat and mass transfer［M］.

4th ed. New York: The McGrawHill Companies, Inc, 2005: 89.
［11］刘永生, 谷民安, 杨晶晶, 等. 太阳能光伏温差发电驱动的新型冰箱模型设计与热力学分析［J］. 物理学报, 2010, 59(10): 73687373.
LIU Yongsheng, GU Mingan, YANG Jingjing, et al. Design and thermodynamical analysis of a new refrigerator model driven by photovoltaic and thermoelectric power generation ［J］. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(10): 73687373.
［12］Trinuruk P, Sorapipatana C, Chenvidhya D. Estimating operating cell temperature of BIPV modules in Thailand ［J］. Renewable Energy, 2009, 34(11): 25152523.
［13］钱科军, 袁越, 石晓丹, 等. 分布式发电的环境效益分析［J］. 中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(29): 1115.
QIAN Kejun, YUAN Yue, SHI Xiaodan， et al. Environmental benefits analysis of distributed generation ［J］. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Enegineering, 2008, 28(29): 1115.
［14］周少祥, 胡三高, 程金明. 能源利用的环境影响评价指标的统一化研究［J］. 工程热物理学报, 2006, 27(1): 58.
ZHOU Shaoxiang, HU Sangao, CHENG Jinming. Unification of emission performance standards for evaluating environmental impacts of energy utilizations ［J］. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2006, 27(1): 58.