封闭式氢氧燃料电池水生长运动及静态排水结构观测研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.286

上海交通大学学报

封闭式氢氧燃料电池水生长运动及静态排水结构观测研究

上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院，上海 200240

作者简介:何奔洋（2001—），男，硕士生，从事氢氧燃料电池阳极侧水气传输与流场设计研究

Study on Water Transport of Dead-End Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell and Effect of Static Water Transport Plate

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对封闭式氢氧燃料电池易堵水、气体利用率低等问题，基于透明电池观测实验，研究了不同负载下氢氧电池输出性能和阴、阳两极积水变化过程，揭示了封闭运行过程中的电压下降机制，同时设计了适应燃料电池绝对封闭运行的阴极静态排水结构，有效避免燃料电池积水和反应气体排出。实验发现：传统封闭式氢氧燃料电池的阴极积水是造成电池水淹和性能下降的主要原因，中等电密（0.5A/cm²）下电池阴极最容易发生堵水，且此时阴极流场水覆盖率（Water Covering Ratio, WCR）只有35%；且随着电密的提高，膜电极反向扩散增强，阳极的最大WCR上升，高电密下阳极同样出现堵水现象并导致性能下降。静态排水结构能够去除阴极产生的液态水，在2h的封闭运行过程中静态排水电池未出现性能下降的情况且阳极WCR不超过23%；由于电拖拽的增强和气体流速的提高，高电密下静态排水电池阳极WCR反而减小。

关键词: 封闭式氢氧燃料电池, 静态排水结构, 水覆盖统计, 工作电密影响

Abstract:

Dead-end hydrogen-oxygen PEM fuel cell has been limited by easily flooding. To figure out how water transport in channels affects performance of fuel cells, a transparent fuel cell with its both sides visualized is assembled and works under different workloads, of which effect on water transport and performance is studied. Meanwhile, a visualized fuel cell with water transport plate in cathode is proposed to study its impact on the performance and water transport of fuel cells. It is found by experiment that performance degradation is mainly caused by cathode flood which is most likely to occur at 0.5A/cm² when the maximum cathode WCR is only 35%. Maximum anode WCR increases with the rise of current density since the back diffusion enhances; and anode flood with WCR reaching 45% at 0.8A/cm² causes voltage drop. Water transport plate provides excellent drainage ability for fuel cell. Thus transparent fuel cell with water transport plate has stable performance. Maximum anode WCR of cell with water transport plate is no more than 23% and decreases when current density increases as a result of stronger electro-osmatic drag and reactive gas purge.

Key words: dead-end hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, static water transport plate, water coverage statistics, effects of work current density

中图分类号:

TM911.42

何奔洋, 邱殿凯, 彭林法. 封闭式氢氧燃料电池水生长运动及静态排水结构观测研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.286.

HE Benyang, QIU Diankai, PENG Linfa.

Study on Water Transport of Dead-End Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell and Effect of Static Water Transport Plate [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.286.