海底矿粒梳状铲机械式采集及沉积物受扰特性

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.085

上海交通大学学报

海底矿粒梳状铲机械式采集及沉积物受扰特性

1.上海交通大学海洋工程全国重点实验室, 上海 200240;

2.上海交通大学海洋装备研究院，上海 200240;

3.上海交通大学三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院，海南三亚 572024;

4.江苏科技大学海洋学院，江苏镇江 212000;

5.江苏省船舶与海洋工程装备技术创新中心，江苏南通 226100

作者简介:吴纬（2002—），硕士生，主要研究深海采矿
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（52301332），上海市“科技创新行动计划”扬帆专项（23YF1419800）

Gathering and Sediment Disturbance Characteristics of Mechanical Collection of Seafloor Mineral Grains by Comb Shovel

1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240, China;

2. Institute of Marine Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200240, China;

3. SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea SCI-TECH, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China;

4. Ocean College, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China;

5. Jiangsu Marine Technology Innovation Center, Nantong 226100, Jiangsu, China

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海底矿粒采集技术是深海采矿的关键技术，其中具备高采集效率与高可靠性的机械式采集方法极具工程应用潜力。设计一种梳状铲机械式采集装置，采用CFD-MMP数值模拟与实验方法，探究不同几何参数对矿粒采集及沉积物受扰特性的影响。研究了入土深度与粒径比D/d、梳状铲间隙与粒径比B/d、梳状铲伸出距离与粒径比C/d、梳状铲张角α对矿粒采集率η的影响规律，以及D/d等参数对监测点沉积物体积分数γi、监测点浊度Tui的影响规律。研究发现：梳状铲铲头的沉积物黏附是导致η下降并出现局部极小值的主要因素；当α较小时，入土角度不足，当α较大时，矿粒随土体平动而错开采集位置，η均较低；当D/d=0.5，B/d=0.86，C/d=1.68，α=π/2时，η达到最大值为92%；γi-D/d曲线呈线性关系；当0<D/d≤1时，可同时获得η的提高和沉积物悬浮质量与矿粒采集质量之比ms/mn降低，实现高效率低扰动集矿；当D/d=0.5时，ms/mn达到最小值为5.95。本研究为揭示集矿机理和设计研发高效率、低扰动机械式集矿技术提供理论支持。

关键词: 多金属结核, 梳状铲机械式采集, 矿粒采集特性, 沉积物受扰特性

Abstract:

Seafloor mineral grain collection technology is the key technology of deep-sea mining, in which the mechanical collection method with high collection efficiency and high reliability has great potential for engineering application. A mechanical collection device by comb shovel is designed, and CFD-MMP numerical simulation and experimental methods are used to investigate the effects of different geometric parameters on the collection of mineral grains and the disturbed characteristics of sediments. The effects of depth of penetration to grain size ratioD/d, comb shovel gap to grain size ratioB/d, comb shovel extension distance to grain size ratioC/d, comb shovel angleα on the collection rateη, and the effects ofD/d and other parameters on sediment volume fractionγi and turbidityTui at the monitoring point are investigated. It is found that: sediment adhesion of comb shovel head is the main factor leading to the decrease ofη and the appearance of local minima; whenα is small, the angle of entering the soil is insufficient, and whenα is large, the grains of ore are staggered with the soil levelling and the collecting position, theη is lower; whenD/d =0.5,B/d=0.86,C/d=1.68, andα=π/2,η reaches the maximum value of 92%.γi-D/d curve is linear; when 0<D/d ≤ 1, it can simultaneously obtain the improvement ofη and the ratio of suspended sediment quality to the collected mass of ore particlesms/mn decreases to achieve high-efficiency and low-turbulence ore collection; whenD/d=0.5,ms/mn reaches a minimum value of 5.95%. This study provides theoretical support for revealing the mechanism of ore collection and designing and developing high-efficiency, low-disturbance mechanical ore collection technology.

Key words: , polymetallic nodule, mechanical collection by comb shovels, mineral particle collection characteristics, sediment disturbance characteristics

中图分类号:

TD807

吴纬1, 赵国成1, 2, 3, 肖龙飞1, 2, 3, 徐立新4, 5. 海底矿粒梳状铲机械式采集及沉积物受扰特性[J]. 上海交通大学学报, doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.085.

WU Wei 1, ZHAO Guocheng 1, 2, 3, XIAO Longfei 1, 2, 3, XU Lixin 4, 5. Gathering and Sediment Disturbance Characteristics of Mechanical Collection of Seafloor Mineral Grains by Comb Shovel[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.085.